Ubuntu 服务器快速安装我常用的软件

适用于全新 Ubuntu 服务器（22.04/24.04），以国内网络环境为主。

1. 切换 APT 镜像源

sudo sed -i 's@//.*archive.ubuntu.com@//mirrors.ustc.edu.cn@g' /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt update

2. 安装基础开发 + 运维工具

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y \
  python3-pip python3-venv python3-dev \
  tmux zsh git curl wget cmake build-essential llvm \
  ca-certificates gnupg software-properties-common \
  jq rsync unzip zip lsof tcpdump dnsutils mtr-tiny ncdu \
  ripgrep fd-find tree vim less man-db manpages \
  iputils-ping traceroute netcat-openbsd socat \
  strace sysstat psmisc p7zip-full xz-utils chrony \
  btop htop atop iotop iftop nmon nvtop

3. 安装 oh-my-zsh（清华镜像）

git clone https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/ohmyzsh.git ~/ohmyzsh
cd ~/ohmyzsh/tools
REMOTE=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/ohmyzsh.git sh install.sh
git -C "$ZSH" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/ohmyzsh.git
git -C "$ZSH" pull
cd ~

4. 配置 Python 镜像源（pip + uv）

python3 -m pip install -i https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/pypi/simple -U pip
pip config set global.index-url https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/pypi/simple

mkdir -p ~/.config/uv
cat <<'EOF' > ~/.config/uv/uv.toml
[[index]]
url = "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/pypi/simple"
default = true
EOF

5. Python 工具链：pipx + uv

sudo apt install -y pipx
pipx ensurepath
source ~/.zshrc

pipx install uv
pipx install modelscope
pipx install nvitop

6. 常用额外组件

6.1 NVIDIA 驱动（有显卡时）

sudo ubuntu-drivers install

6.2 OpenJDK

sudo apt install -y openjdk-8-jdk openjdk-11-jdk openjdk-17-jdk openjdk-21-jdk

如果你的系统仓库里有对应包，可按需追加 openjdk-18-jdk 或 openjdk-25-jdk。

6.3 fzf

git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/junegunn/fzf.git ~/.fzf
~/.fzf/install

7. 安装 Docker CE（官方仓库）

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y ca-certificates curl
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
sudo curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.sources >/dev/null
Types: deb
URIs: https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu
Suites: $(. /etc/os-release && echo "${UBUNTU_CODENAME:-$VERSION_CODENAME}")
Components: stable
Signed-By: /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
EOF

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

把当前用户加入 docker 组：

sudo usermod -aG docker "$USER"
newgrp docker

8. 安装 NVIDIA Container Toolkit（Docker GPU 容器）

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends curl gnupg2

curl -fsSL https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/gpgkey | \
  sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/nvidia-container-toolkit-keyring.gpg

curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/stable/deb/nvidia-container-toolkit.list | \
  sed 's#deb https://#deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/nvidia-container-toolkit-keyring.gpg] https://#g' | \
  sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia-container-toolkit.list >/dev/null

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y nvidia-container-toolkit
sudo nvidia-ctk runtime configure --runtime=docker
sudo systemctl restart docker