Linux Ubuntu

Ubuntu 服务器快速安装我常用的软件

Ubuntu 服务器快速安装我常用的软件

适用于全新 Ubuntu 服务器（26.04），以国内网络环境为主。

主要是起到一个方便我复制粘贴的作用。

1. 切换 APT 镜像源

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sudo sed -i 's@//.*archive.ubuntu.com@//mirrors.ustc.edu.cn@g' /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt update

2. 安装基础开发 + 运维工具

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sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y \
  python3-pip python3-venv python3-dev \
  python3-full python-is-python3 \
  python3-setuptools python3-wheel python3-build \
  build-essential gfortran cmake ninja-build meson binutils pkg-config \
  gcc g++ llvm clang clangd clang-format clang-tidy \
  gdb lldb valgrind ltrace strace cppcheck shellcheck \
  protobuf-compiler libprotobuf-dev \
  ccache mold bear doxygen graphviz \
  git curl wget rsync ca-certificates gnupg software-properties-common \
  tmux zsh vim less tree man-db manpages \
  bash-completion bat eza direnv \
  parallel moreutils pv entr \
  lmod \
  git-lfs tig \
  zstd lz4 pigz pbzip2 \
  jq ripgrep fd-find unzip zip p7zip-full xz-utils \
  lsof psmisc acl attr auditd logrotate \
  iputils-ping traceroute netcat-openbsd socat \
  tcpdump dnsutils mtr-tiny iperf3 ethtool \
  btop htop atop iotop iftop nmon nvtop \
  sysstat stress-ng sysbench fio \
  ncdu duf chrony \
  hwloc-nox numactl libnuma-dev \
  likwid papi-tools libpapi-dev \
  linux-tools-common linux-tools-$(uname -r) \
  openmpi-bin libopenmpi-dev \
  libfftw3-dev libfftw3-mpi-dev \
  libopenblas-openmp-dev liblapacke-dev \
  libhdf5-openmpi-dev libscalapack-openmpi-dev \
  libjemalloc-dev libtbb-dev libeigen3-dev \
  libbenchmark-dev libgtest-dev \
  libssl-dev zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev liblzma-dev libzstd-dev \
  libreadline-dev libffi-dev libsqlite3-dev \
  libxml2-dev libyaml-dev \
  libcurl4-openssl-dev \
  libboost-all-dev \
  smartmontools nvme-cli lm-sensors dmidecode pciutils usbutils ipmitool \
  ansible clustershell \
  nfs-common autofs openssh-server \
  slurm-client \
  autoconf automake libtool m4 flex bison gettext \
  devscripts debhelper fakeroot dpkg-dev \
  file patchelf elfutils pahole \
  manpages-dev \
  heaptrack \
  time hyperfine \
  bpftrace bpfcc-tools libbpf-tools \
  trace-cmd blktrace \
  needrestart unattended-upgrades \
  buildah skopeo \
  uidmap fuse-overlayfs \
  sqlite3 postgresql-client redis-tools \
  libpq-dev libmariadb-dev \
  iproute2 nmap whois openssl
#  rdma-core ibverbs-utils infiniband-diags perftest

3. 安装 oh-my-zsh

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git clone https://gitcode.com/KaranocaVe/ohmyzsh.git "$HOME/.oh-my-zsh"
cp "$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/templates/zshrc.zsh-template" "$HOME/.zshrc"
echo 'export ZSH="$HOME/.oh-my-zsh"' >> "$HOME/.zshrc"
chsh -s "$(command -v zsh)"
exec zsh

或者

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git clone https://mirrors.cernet.edu.cn/ohmyzsh.git
cd ohmyzsh/tools
REMOTE=https://mirrors.cernet.edu.cn/ohmyzsh.git sh install.sh

为方便你应对各种乱七八糟的压缩格式，编辑~/.zshrc启用extract插件。

4. 配置 Python 镜像源（pip + uv）

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python3 -m pip install -i https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/pypi/simple -U pip
pip config set global.index-url https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/pypi/simple

mkdir -p ~/.config/uv
cat <<'EOF' > ~/.config/uv/uv.toml
[[index]]
url = "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/pypi/simple"
default = true
EOF

5. Python 工具链：pipx + uv

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sudo apt install -y pipx
pipx ensurepath
source ~/.zshrc

pipx install uv
pipx install modelscope
pipx install nvitop

6. 常用额外组件

6.1 NVIDIA 驱动（有显卡时）

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sudo ubuntu-drivers install

6.2 CUDA Toolkit（保留现有驱动）

安装 NVIDIA 官方 CUDA 软件源，并只安装 Toolkit：

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sudo apt install -y build-essential linux-headers-$(uname -r) wget

cd /tmp
wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2604/x86_64/cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y cuda-toolkit-13-3

配置环境变量：

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sudo tee /etc/profile.d/cuda.sh >/dev/null <<'EOF'
export CUDA_HOME=/usr/local/cuda
export PATH="$CUDA_HOME/bin:$PATH"
EOF

sudo chmod 644 /etc/profile.d/cuda.sh

安装了多个 CUDA 版本时，可以用下面的命令切换 /usr/local/cuda 指向：

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sudo update-alternatives --config cuda

正确配置环境变量

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sudo tee -a /etc/zsh/zprofile >/dev/null <<'EOF'

for file in /etc/profile.d/*.sh; do
    [ -r "$file" ] && source "$file"
done
unset file
EOF

6.3 OpenJDK

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sudo apt install -y openjdk-8-jdk openjdk-11-jdk openjdk-17-jdk openjdk-21-jdk

如果你的系统仓库里有对应包，可按需追加 openjdk-18-jdk 或 openjdk-25-jdk。

6.4 fzf

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git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/junegunn/fzf.git ~/.fzf
~/.fzf/install

6.5 nnn 文件管理器 + 实时预览

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sudo apt install -y \
  nnn bat mediainfo poppler-utils \
  ffmpegthumbnailer chafa imagemagick
sh -c "$(curl -Ls https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jarun/nnn/master/plugins/getplugs)"
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if command -v batcat >/dev/null 2>&1 && ! command -v bat >/dev/null 2>&1; then
  mkdir -p ~/.local/bin
  ln -sf "$(command -v batcat)" ~/.local/bin/bat
fi

写入 ~/.zshrc：

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export NNN_PLUG='p:preview-tui'
alias n='nnn -a -e -d -P p'

7. 安装 Docker CE

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sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y ca-certificates curl
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
sudo curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.sources >/dev/null
Types: deb
URIs: https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu
Suites: $(. /etc/os-release && echo "${UBUNTU_CODENAME:-$VERSION_CODENAME}")
Components: stable
Signed-By: /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
EOF

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

嫌慢就

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curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh
sudo DOWNLOAD_URL=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce sh get-docker.sh

把当前用户加入 docker 组：

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sudo usermod -aG docker "$USER"
newgrp docker

8. 安装 NVIDIA Container Toolkit（Docker GPU 容器）

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sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends curl gnupg2

curl -fsSL https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/gpgkey | \
  sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/nvidia-container-toolkit-keyring.gpg

curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/stable/deb/nvidia-container-toolkit.list | \
  sed 's#deb https://#deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/nvidia-container-toolkit-keyring.gpg] https://#g' | \
  sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia-container-toolkit.list >/dev/null

嫌慢就

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curl -fsSL https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/gpgkey | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/nvidia-container-toolkit-keyring.gpg \
  && curl -s -L https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/libnvidia-container/stable/deb/nvidia-container-toolkit.list | \
    sed 's#deb https://nvidia.github.io#deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/nvidia-container-toolkit-keyring.gpg] https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn#g' | \
    sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia-container-toolkit.list
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sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y nvidia-container-toolkit
sudo nvidia-ctk runtime configure --runtime=docker
sudo systemctl restart docker

9.配置git

安装lfs

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sudo apt install git-lfs
git lfs install

配置身份信息

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git config --global user.name "你的用户名"
git config --global user.email "你的邮箱@example.com"

配置代理

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git config --global http.proxy http://127.0.0.1:7890
git config --global https.proxy http://127.0.0.1:7890

About this Post

This post is written by KaranocaVe.

#Python #Linux #Ubuntu #服务器 #Docker #zsh #NVIDIA #CUDA

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